Abstraction in OOPS

Abstraction in Object-Oriented Programming (OOPS) is the process of hiding the internal implementation details of a class while exposing only the necessary features and functionalities to the outside world. It allows developers to focus on what an object does rather than how it achieves its functionality.

1. Encapsulation: Abstraction is closely related to encapsulation, where the internal state of an object is hidden from the outside world and accessed only through well-defined interfaces.

2. Class and Interface: Abstraction is typically achieved using classes and interfaces. A class defines the properties and behaviors of an object, while an interface defines a contract that specifies the methods that a class must implement.

3. Focus on Essentials: Abstraction allows developers to focus on the essential characteristics of an object and ignore irrelevant details, making code easier to understand, maintain, and reuse.

4. Implementation Hiding: By hiding implementation details, abstraction provides a level of security and prevents unintended modifications to the internal state of an object.

5. Polymorphism: Abstraction enables polymorphism, allowing objects of different types to be treated uniformly through a common interface.

In summary, abstraction in OOP helps manage complexity by simplifying the interaction between objects and promoting modular and reusable code. It is a key principle that facilitates building robust and maintainable software systems.